Peptide pharmacokinetics
Peptide pharmacokinetics: 7 articles from Peptides Facts. Evidence-led reference on research peptides.
Gastric-Emptying Tachyphylaxis and Exposure Pattern
Sustained GLP-1 receptor stimulation slows gastric emptying less over time, while intermittent stimulation keeps its effect. The model is repeated as settled. The human evidence under it is a handful of small studies.
How Peripheral Peptides Reach the Brain
Most peptides do not cross the blood-brain barrier, yet some given outside the nervous system change activity deep in it. Three competing explanations have each been tested in rodents, and they do not agree.
DPP-4 and Neprilysin: The Enzymes That Switch Peptide Hormones Off
One enzyme removes exactly two residues from the amino terminus and destroys the signal. The other cuts almost anything hydrophobic, almost anywhere. Together they set the lifetime of most peptide hormones, and both have been turned into drug targets.
Immunogenicity: When the Immune System Notices a Peptide
A short synthetic peptide is a poor immunogen on paper. In practice anti-drug antibodies to peptide products are measured routinely, and the usual culprits are not the sequence itself but aggregation and the impurities that come with making it.
Plasma Protein Binding: Why Only the Free Fraction Acts
A peptide bound to albumin cannot engage a receptor or cross a filter. That single fact explains half-life extension by acylation — and also explains why the most common inference drawn from a protein-binding number is the wrong one.
Renal Filtration: The Size Threshold That Clears Most Peptides in Minutes
The kidney is a size filter that offers a typical peptide no resistance at all, and then a second system that destroys almost everything the filter lets through. This is the renal half of clearance, examined on its own.
Subcutaneous Absorption: Why Molecular Size Decides Whether a Peptide Enters Blood or Lymph
A molecule leaving a subcutaneous depot has two exits, and its size decides which one it takes. Small peptides cross the capillary wall into blood within minutes; anything much above sixteen kilodaltons travels by lymph and arrives hours later.